Start With the Assembly Under the Finish
Below grade, the finish only succeeds if the layers beneath manage moisture, temperature, and flatness. Begin with crack repair and slab prep; laser-check for dips and fill with self-leveling underlayment so water won’t pond under the floor. Install a 10–15 mil vapor barrier with taped seams, then choose either insulated subfloor panels or sleepers with rigid foam to warm surfaces and reduce condensation risk. Keep a continuous capillary break between concrete and any wood product.
Porcelain Tile — Most Durable & Water Tolerant
For bath, bar, and entry zones, porcelain tile remains king: it laughs at humidity, pairs perfectly with radiant heat, and cleans easily. Use a decoupling membrane to absorb slab movement and epoxy grout for stain resistance. Add sound underlayment near bedrooms to tame footfall on the floor above.
Rigid-Core LVP (SPC) — Warm, Quiet, Forgiving
SPC LVP is ideal for family rooms: it handles seasonal humidity, moves quickly over large areas, and offers cushioned underlayments with integrated vapor control. Choose commercial wear layers (20–28 mil) and specify stair noses for a unified look. Avoid cheap WPC cores in potential splash zones.
Engineered Wood — Beautiful, But Select Carefully
If you want real wood, pick engineered planks with a stable plywood core, factory finish, and manufacturer approval for below-grade install. Float over an approved underlayment or glue to a moisture-controlled slab only when the membrane spec supports it. Maintain RH at 45–50% to prevent cupping.
Carpet Tiles — Acoustics & Comfort, Modular Service
Carpet tiles tame echo and are easily replaced after a spill. Use solution-dyed fibers, low pile for easy cleaning, and keep them off high-risk wet zones. Pair with continuous dehumidification so they never feel clammy.
Details That Make Floors Last
Flash vapor barrier up walls 2–3 inches behind baseboards; use aluminum or polymer plinths under millwork; and maintain expansion gaps per manufacturer. In flood-susceptible basements, elevate appliances and keep the first shelf of built-ins at least 12″ AFF. Commission dehumidification so surfaces stabilize before move-in.
For a finish schedule and subfloor sections tuned to NYC conditions, see NYC basement remodeling materials & finishes.